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Cooperative Corrections

Funding and space deficiencies are commonplace in the correctional industry. Jurisdictions across the United States deal with overcrowded conditions, which often leads to the absorption of programming space to accommodate inmate housing. The lack of programming space leads to a lack of inmate services and rehabilitation, which helps contribute to higher recidivism rates. It’s a downward spiral that hasn’t stopped for years in many communities.

However, some agencies — especially in small communities — are finding a solution to the problem by joining forces to build and operate regional jails. The facilities are popping up throughout the United States in areas where it is more cost-effective to cooperate than to stay the course alone.

One of the latest regional jails to open is the Two Bridges Regional Jail in Maine, a facility jointly operated by Lincoln and Sagadahoc counties. It’s the only regional jail north of Virginia on the East Coast, according to planners and officials, who opened the facility in November.

Similar Needs

The plan to create a regional jail for Lincoln and Sagadahoc sprouted from difficult situations that both counties faced at about the same time.

Project Team

Owner/Operator: Lincoln & Sagadahoc Multicounty Jail Authority

Owner Representative: The Gilco Corporation

Architect: SMRT Architects

Construction Manager: H.P. Cummings Construction Co.

The facility in use in Lincoln County was built in 1985 to house 13 inmates, but by the time the county started looking at other options, the jail usually housed about 30 inmates each day and the population swelled to 40 inmates during peak days.

“The library became a male housing unit,” says Wayne Applebee, jail administrator at Two Bridges Regional Jail. “The county jail did not have the ability to hold inmate programs or have an area for staff to be trained because all the space was being used to house as many inmates as the facility could hold.”

Additional inmates who could not be housed at the facility were housed for a fee in other counties that had bed space in their jails.

The situation at Sagadahoc County wasn’t any better. It’s the only county in Maine that has not had its own jail since the 1700s. All arrestees who could not make bail were transported to other counties that had room in their correctional facilities.

The housing scheme posed a problem for the judicial system because it was often difficult for defense attorneys to make long drives to see their clients.

“When inmates are away at another county jails they tend to not get through the court system as fast, so they spend more time in jail,” Applebee says.

Inmates also spent more time in jail because officials in other counties did not encourage them to participate in work programs that result in reduced sentences.

“We have a program in Maine where if an inmate is put to work, every two days an inmate works he gets a day off his sentence,” Applebee says. “But, if you are the receiving sheriff of a boarding inmate, you have no incentive to give the inmate work because you want to collect the revenue.”

To make matters worse, the Maine Department of Corrections forced Sagadahoc County to end a 10-year contract to house inmates at the Kennebec County jail because the facility was overcrowded. The only other options for Sagadahoc County were significantly more expensive.

Outside Consultation

To find a solution for their operational woes, both counties enlisted Pulitzer/Bogard & Associates, LLC, of Lido Beach, N.Y., to identify ways to improve. The firm soon realized that a regional jail would save both jurisdictions money, while creating greater efficiencies.

“After we were hired to do the needs assessment for Lincoln County, we were hired a few months later to do the needs assessment for Sagadahoc County,” says Curtiss Pulitzer, the firm’s program manager for the regional jail project. “That is when we basically made the recommendation to both counties to get together for a combined facility.”

However, there were several hurdles to bring the idea to fruition.

“The first challenge was bringing two neighboring political entities together and having them put aside some of the political differences they have had in the past,” Pulitzer says.

The firm convinced both jurisdictions by presenting information on the benefits of a regional jail and it also took officials on tours of existing regional jails.

“We took them to Virginia to see other regional facilities and they came back very convinced that the model worked,” Pulitzer says.

The benefits are multi-faceted, he says.

“It makes sense because financially the cost of building two separate facilities was at least 50 percent more than building a combined facility,” Pulitzer says. “On the operating side, we were able to show that after a couple of years — depending on which county — it would save financially to have a combined facility.”

Staffing savings are achieved because positions are not duplicated by each county. There is only one jail administrator, maintenance manager, food-service coordinator, and so on.

“We were able to show that staff savings would help pay back the debt on the jail by combining resources,” Pulitzer says.

The combined resources of the counties also allowed for improved inmate programs. In addition to standard education, religious and drug dependency programs, the facility has a computer lab and officials are working on establishing a jail industries program that will provide life-skills opportunities for inmates while operating a small business at the jail.

Red Tape

Getting both counties to agree to the regional jail was just the first step of the process. In order to get funding for the project, a bond referendum that asked voters in each county to approve $12.3 million for the $24.6 million, 170-bed jail had to be passed.

 PRODUCT DATA

Product Manufacturers

Food Service: Cleveland Beerkel, T&S, Salvajor, Omni-temp, New Age Industrial & Dormont
Ventilators: Greenheck
Steam Kettles: Cleveland
Walk-In Coolers/Freezers: Omni-temp/Tafco
Ovens: Garland
Custom Stainless Equipment: Custom Diamond
Correctional Furniture: Chief Industries
Detention Accessories: American Specialties, Imperial
PLC: Omron
CCTV: Bosch
UPS: Control Power
Touchscreen system: Elo Touch Screens
Intercom: Telecor
Card Access: DSX
Security Glazing: PPG Industries, Sonneborn Sealant
Security Windows: Trussbilt
Security Cell Doors: Trussbilt
Security Screens: Kane
Security Fencing: Tymetal Corp.
Security Locks: Southern Steel
Security Penal Plumbing: Acorn
Security Fire Equipment: Larsen
Smoke Detection System: Edwards Systems Tech
Concrete: Dragon
Exterior Finish: Bricks–Morin Corp., Siding–Meteco
Roofing: Carlisle
Gypsum Wallboard: Dietrich Floor/Wall Tile: VCT/Carpet, VCT-Armstrong; Carpet, JJ/Lee’s Neo
Sally Port/Doors: Trussbilt
Plumbing: Trerice, Watts Regulator, Grundfas, Precision, Tyler Pipe
HVAC: York, Vulcan, Greenheck, Metal Aire
Security Cell Lighting: Morlite Systems, Inc.

“Without the bond, there would be no jail,” Pulitzer says.

In November 2003, 55 percent of Lincoln County and 60 percent of Sagadahoc County voters approved the measure.

While the sheriffs and county commissions in the two counties, and rotary and church organizations pushed to gain support for the bond referendum, attorneys hired by the counties and a state legislator were busy drafting legislation that would allow for a regional jail in Maine, which had never before seen such an endeavor.

The legislation passed with little fanfare and the Sagadahoc and Lincoln Multicounty Jail Authority, which includes officials from both counties, was formed to oversee management of the facility.

But, one more step had to be taken. Since the Authority and the facility were entirely new, Pulitzer’s firm was tasked with creating the operational structure for the jail.

“We had to organize not only the design and construction effort, but we also had to create the staff positions that would run the facility,” Pulitzer says. “We had to create a whole infrastructure to run the operation.”

Epilogue

With construction completed on time and on budget with few hitches, the benefits of the regional jail should be apparent in coming months as the facility comes online.

“Even though it is not the biggest project we’ve ever done, it certainly has been one of the most rewarding,” Pulitzer says. “This is the first time we have helped create a whole new entity and a whole new authority, and basically become the board of directors for an agency.”

As an added bonus, Lincoln and Sagadahoc counties will eventually have the opportunity to completely reverse their former situations by housing inmates from other counties for a fee in jail space that was deliberately built to do so.

“Our budget allowed us a four-month period to work with our own county populations before we start accepting populations from other counties to make sure that our systems are running smoothly and our staff is handling our issues OK,” Applebee says.